The origins of consciousness date back about 540 million years ago, when animal bodies became more complex. Feelings like ...

Walk into consciousness labs, and you will mostly find studies on humans relying on verbal reports. This evidence is then ...

Consciousness research in 2025 has shifted from abstract philosophy to concrete lab results, with competing theories now ...

Consciousness evolved in stages, starting with basic survival responses like pain and alarm, then expanding into focused awareness and self-reflection. These layers help organisms avoid danger, learn ...

The universe has no brain. It has no gray matter, no nervous system, no neurons firing electrical impulses—and yet, that ...

New work explores why consciousness evolved and what observing birds can teach us about its biological purpose.

When René Descartes watched a mechanical figure move with lifelike precision in the 17th century, the scene unsettled him.

Right now, the debate about consciousness often feels frozen between two entrenched positions. On one side sits computational ...

A new theoretical framework argues that the long-standing split between computational functionalism and biological naturalism misses how real brains actually compute.

The familiar fight between “mind as software” and “mind as biology” may be a false choice. This work proposes biological computationalism: the idea that brains compute, but not in the abstract, symbol ...

A physicist argues consciousness may connect to higher dimensions, challenging long-held ideas about the mind and reality.